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Free Cash Flow Calculator: Operating Cash Flow Minus CapEx

Enter operating cash flow and capital expenditures to get free cash flow instantly, free.

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Free cash flow
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FCF conversion (% of operating cash flow)
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Free cash flow is operating cash flow minus capital expenditures.

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How to calculate free cash flow

Subtract capital expenditures from operating cash flow. A company with $500,000 in cash from operations that spends $150,000 on equipment and other capital investments during the same period has $350,000 in free cash flow. Both figures come straight off the cash flow statement: operating cash flow from the top section, capital expenditures from the investing activities section.

Free cash flow strips out the accounting adjustments that shape net income, like depreciation and non-cash charges, and shows the cash a business actually has left over after paying to maintain and grow its asset base.

Why free cash flow matters more than net income

Net income can look healthy while a company is quietly burning cash, for example when profit is tied up in growing receivables or inventory rather than sitting in the bank. Free cash flow cuts through that by measuring actual cash generated after the reinvestment a business needs just to keep running.

A useful companion figure is FCF conversion, free cash flow as a percentage of operating cash flow, which shows how much of that operating cash actually survives after capital spending. A business with consistently strong FCF conversion has more flexibility to pay down debt, return cash to owners, or fund growth without external financing.

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FAQ

Free Cash Flow Calculator: questions, answered

What is free cash flow?
Free cash flow (FCF) is the cash a business generates from its operations after subtracting the capital expenditures needed to maintain and grow its asset base. It represents the cash actually available to pay down debt, return to shareholders, or reinvest in the business.
How is FCF different from net income?
Net income includes non-cash accounting items like depreciation and amortization, and can be affected by changes in receivables, inventory and payables that do not represent actual cash movement. Free cash flow strips those adjustments out and reflects real cash generated after real capital spending.
What does negative free cash flow mean?
Negative free cash flow means a company spent more on operations and capital investments than it brought in from operating cash flow during the period. That is common and often healthy for a fast-growing business investing heavily in future capacity, but persistent negative FCF at a mature company is a warning sign worth investigating.
What is a good FCF conversion rate?
FCF conversion, free cash flow divided by operating cash flow, above 70 to 80% is generally considered strong, meaning most of a company's operating cash survives after capital spending. Capital-intensive industries like manufacturing or telecom typically run lower conversion than asset-light businesses like software.

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